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picture series in writing

Nur Atna Prasetya 07360165 VI/F Thesis Writing

A Study of improving the students’ achievement in Writing Comprehension by Using Picture and Picture as a Learning Method

Chapter I

1.1 Introduction

English language is an international language today. Today we can learn the English language from kindergarten until college. For us in Indonesia, English is a foreign language. Therefore, we should study four skills basic of English language: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Writing is one of four basic in English languages. It is very important in teaching and learning English.

Many people agree that writing is difficult subject. Based on previous research (Syaifullah, 2009); Students has some problem to write a recount text. There are about vocabullary, grammar, spelling, the not clearly ideas. So, the writing can’t be understood. Because the content is not really relevan with their topic Writing is difficult for them since they have to master enough vocabulary, spelling, and grammar.. So, their need some clue to improve their ideas in writing. Although the writing is difficult subject, it can be easlly with picture. By describing the typical features of a genre and give a clue, teachers can provide students with clear options for writing, both within and beyond the sentences, to help them create texts that seem well-formed and appropriate to readers (Hyland, 2004; Schleppegrell, 2004). Based on that the writer purpose one of learning method in teaching writing to improve students’ achievement. It is Picture and Picture. Picture and Picture is a learning method by using picture and straighten to be a logic sequence (Widodo, 2009). Inside the picture and picture there is a media. It is picture series. A study on Picture Series as media conducted by Syaifullah (2009). His research was about classroom action research about the implementation of picture series media in improving the students’ ability in writing, especially recount text. He found that Picture Series media could help the student SMPN 1 Bati-Bati in 2009 improve the students’ ability in writing recount text.

By considering the benefits of Picture and Picture learning method, the writer conducted a classroom action research to improve the students’ achievement in Writing Comprehension especially narrative writing with Picture and Picture learning method.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Based on the background of study, the problem of this research was formulated as follow:

1. How can Picture and Picture learning method improve the second year students’ achievement in Writing Comprehension at SMP Negeri 1 Situbondo?

1.3 Hypotesis

Based on statement of problem, this hypotesis of the research was formulated as follow:

1. Picture and Picture learning method can improve the second years students’ achievement in Writing Comprehension at SMP Negeri 1 Situbondo.

1.4 Purpose of the study

Based on statement of problem, the purpose of these research is to know how Picture and Picture learning method can improve the second years students’ achievement in Writing Comprehension at SMP Negeri 1 Situbondo.

1.5 Significant of the study

The study expected to have both theoretically and practical contributions.
1. This research will give clear information about advantages of Picture and Picture method in the writing comprehension to improve the students’ achievement in orde to write narrative text.

2. The result of this research is hoped to give feedback and knowledge to the English teacher.

1.6 Scope and Limitation

This research has two variable to study, they are writing comprehension acvhievement and Picture and Picture learning method. It wiil conduct on the second years students’ at SMP Negeri 1 Situbondo.

1.7 Definition of Key Terms

1.7.1 Writing comprehension acvhievement

Writing comperhension in this research deals with the students’ about the content of writing narrative text related to picture series which is given by the teacher.

1.7.2 Narrative Text

Narrative text in the research means a simple story that students’ write based on the picture series which is given by the teacher.

1.7.3 Picture and Picture Method

Picture and picture method refers to writing strategy is make a simple story based on the picture series which is given by the teacher.

Chapter 2

2.1 Meaning of Writing

Writing is one of four skill in english language. Writing is important in english language teaching. According to Cohen and Reil in Kusumaningsih (2001:1) say that writing can be defined as communicate act, a way of sharing observation, thought, or ideas with ourselves and others. It is a tool of thinking. It means writing is a expressing ideas, feeling, and experience to write in the form.

Grammar, vocabullary, punctuation, spelling and compotition of sentence is some aspect included in writing. These aspect are important to make good writing, because English langauge is foreign language for us. According to Axelord and cooper in Ma’mun (2004:5), writing is a complex process and such contains element of mastery and surprise. When students want to write something they should have a lot of information, ideas, and thought in their mind so that they will be able to express them into sentences, paragraphs, and an essay.

2.1.1 Narrative text

In writing there are some ways to ma the universe writing. According to Elbow, 2000; by genres (e.g., poetry, fiction, nonfiction); by modes (e.g., narration, description, argument); by elements in the writing process (e.g., generating, revising, copy-editing); by parts of rhetoric (e.g., invention, arrangement, style); by purposes (e.g., persuading, informing, entertaining); or even by topics or themes (e.g., science writing, religious writing, technical writing). Mostly in teaching of writing use two ways is by genre and by modes. In this case the writer focus on narrative text. Narrative text is a kind of text that is telling a story. Based on Syafullah, 2009; Narrative text is developed in some steps: orientation, complication, resolution, evaluation, and reorientation. In the step of orientation, the writer tells the characters in the story, their names and the place they live, their ages, their condition, and their willing. In the complication step, the writer presents the unexpected event that happens to the characters. In the resolution step, the writer tells how the complication solved. In the evaluation step, the writer invites the reader to think what meaning or values that are taken from the story. In the reorientation step, the writer concludes the story by giving comments. So, student can be writer of narrative text if follow the role. And of course, the narrative writing will be more easily within a clue.

2.2 Picture and Picture Method

Picture and Picture method is one of some method or strategy in learning cooperative. In this strategy only focus on a picture. Based on Widodo, 2009; Picture and Picture is a learning method by using picture and straighten to be a logic sequence. So, in the implementation of these method is a media as picture series.

Students can construct their knowledge during learning narrative text easily by using media. One of the media is picture series. Media make the student more easily to explore their ideas. The media must be used in integated way in teaching and learning.

According Brown, 2004; To understand the way of the picture series, the students need to appreciate it in abstract way. In the same way, when they express their ideas to construct the story in a good coherence as well as unity, they have to think it in abstract excessively. Both of them will be easier for them in learning process if the teacher can use picture series. It cannot only help the students to get ideas more realistic in understanding the recount text but also in constructing ideas to create it. During the students are writing the text, they can use top-down technique in predicting the content of the text based on understanding of picture series. Based on that, the pictures give the schemata to the students to construct ideas from their background knowledge and experience.

Chapter 3

3.1 Design of the Study

The design of this research is collaborative Classroom Action Research which focus on particular student in a certain classroom. According to Azizah ( 2007 ) says that CAR was carried out through certain procedures had cyclical model which consist of four activities. They are as follow: (1) in the planning of the action, (2) the implementation of the action, (3) observation, (4) reflection.

Based on the research design above, the research procedures would be done by the writer collaboratively with the English teacher. It would be describe as follows:

1. the planning of the action

Planning the action by arrange the lesson plan for first cycle.

2. the implementation of the action

Implementation the first action by teaching the students with the material that was prepared used Picture and Picture method.

3. Class Observation

Monitoring the classroom is while implementing the action for each meeting in first cycle. Conduction is writing comprehension achievement by using Picture and Picture method.

3.2 Population and Sampel

The target population to which the result of the present study could be expected to cover is the second year students’ of SMP Negeri 1 Situbondo. This is under assumption that those are already got a genre of writing comprehension. Therefore, it makes the writer easier to treat them in applying the Picture and Picture method in narrative writing.

The number of the accessible population is relative small. It is only one class. All student’ are assigned to either the experimental group with no random assignment.

3.3 Data Collection

Based on the research design, the actions of the research are implemented in four stages, in which explained by Mulyasa (2009), tgey are the planning of the action, the implementation of the action, class observation and evaluation, and reflection the action.

3.3.1 The planning of the action

Planning of the action in this study referred to any preparation dealing with activities of the research. The preparation in this research covers the following activities:

1. Choosing the theme of the picture series in writing is taught in the even semester.

2. Construction the lesson plan.

3. Selecting the picture series take from some newspaper.

4. Preparing the guide observation in the form of checklist containing the indicators to be observed.

5. Preparing the way to score the student’ writing test.

3.3.2 The Implementation of the Action

The implementation of this research was planned, It to be done during the school hours. The action given was teaching writing by using Picture and Picture method. It given was to the research subject in every meeting of each cycle.

3.3.3 Observation

In this research, the writer is use checklist to record the student’ activities in the teaching learning process through Picture and Picture in each cycle.

3.3.4 Reflection of the Action

In this stage, the writer evaluated the result of action in order to know whether the actions given are successful or not. To measure the percentage of students’ writing test, the writer uses this formula in Ali (1993)

E = n/N x 100%

Where:

E : The percentage of the student writing ability

n : The total of the student who achieved the minimum standard scores

N : The total of student

3.4 Data Analysis

The writer will collect the data analysis with writing test and observation.

3.4.1 Writing Test

In this research, use subjective test. According to Arikunto (2006); test is set of questions, exercise or other instrument, which are used to measure skill, knowledge, intelligence owned by the individual person or group. In this research, achievement test used to measure the second year students’ writing achievement by using Picture and Picture method.

3.4.2 observation

There are two kinds of observation; non systematic observation and systematic observation ( Arikunto, 2006 ). Non-systematic observation means that observer did not use instrument of observation in the activities of getting the data. Systematic observation, an observer use guideline as an instrument’s observation of getting the data.

teknologi semakin canggih saja

Dunia telah kebanjiran bermacam-macan tekhnologi. Tekhnologi tersebut sangat berdampak pada kehidupan peradaban dunia. Mungkin peradaban manusia akan semakin menurun karena hampir setiap tahun pasti ada ciptaan alat-alat canggih yang bermunculan dan menggugah para orang di dunia ini. Tapi dalam hal ini timbul pertanyaan "siapakah yang membuat peradaban manusia semakin menurun?". Mungkin pertanyaan tersebut juga ada dibenak para pembaca, tapi apakah ada jawabannya untuk pertanyaan tersebut?....karena jika kita menganggap manusia itu sendiri tidak relevan karenna sebagai mana kita ketahui manusia itu adalah makhluk sosial, akan tetapi jika kita menyalahkan tekhnologi itu juga tidak relevan karena tekhnologi itu sendiri pun diciptakan oleh manusia. Oleh karena itu kita harus berpikir keras tentang kemajuan tekhnologi yang semakin pesat dalam peradaban manusia.Mungkin hal yang menakutkan mungkin akan terjadi seperti halnya film "Crazy Idiot". Film tersebut menceritakan dimana 2 orang yang dibius dengan durasi 5 tahun ke depan akan tetapi hal tersebut tidak sesuai dengan rencana awal sehingga 2 orang tersebut terbangun pada 500 tahun kemudian dan apa yang terjadi????? Yang terjadi adalah mereka berdua terbangun dengan keadaan peradaban manusia yang sangat berbeda 360 derajat dengan zaman mereka berdua dulu. Dimana semua sudah berubah sehingga menyebabkan peradaban manusia sangat rendah.

Bebas merdeka buat semua di dunia

Di dunia ini semua makhluk hidup berhak untuk merdeka. Tidak ada penjajahan dan juga diskriminasi. Tapi khusus hewan dan tumbuhan memang suadh di takdirkan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan hidup manusia. Akan tetapi kita harus tahu masih banyak hewab yang perlu dilindungi oleh kita dan kita juga harus melakukan perlindungan terhadap hutan di dunia ini. Dan kita sebagai umat yang paling pintar diantara semua yang diciptakan-Nya ( tidak termasuk nabi dan rosul ), mari kita junjung tinggi perdamaian dunia agar dunia ini tentram. Dan cepat2 lah bertobat karena semuanya tidak bisa menebak apa yang akan terjadi dalam waktu yang sangat dekat ini. Mari kita dukung PBB untuk bisa menagakkan keadilan seadil-adilnya dan menghantikan semua perang dengan hasil yang baik. Jika semua itu terwujud insallah dunia akan damai tentram dan akan berakhir dengan damai.
Dan juga tidak kita lupakan penjajahan dalam jaringan yang telah marak dalam dunia teknologi ini, yaitu Facebook. Dalam jaringan facebook tersebut sudah banyak membuat penggunanya terlena, tertipu, terhina, dan bahkan ada yang merasa terbodohi dengan beberapa teman facebook yang di kiranya akan berjalan baik2 saja tetapi malah sebaliknya. Oleh kaarena itu mari kita pengguna facebook janganlah berbuaat yang tidak sepantasnya kepada teman facebook kita apa lagi yang baru kenal hanya lewat jaringan facebook.
Hal tersebut juga terjadi dengan beberapa teman saya. Sebut saja namanya Bunga(samaran), bunga mempunyai facebook yang berakun aku punya***** awalnya...akan tetapi setelah beberapa saat akun berubah menjadi aq wanita bi***. itu adalah contoh ulah tangan2 facebookers yang tidak bertanggungjawab. Saya harap hal2 seperti itu tidak terjadi lagi...jadi mari kita lestarikan semboyan " Bebas Merdeka Buat Semua di Dunia".